Bluetooth® AoA (Angle of Arrival) and AoD (Angle of Departure) direction finding technology requires an antenna array as a crucial component for accurate real-time location systems (RTLS).
These arrays use multiple direction estimates to determine the precise location of a tag or beacon. The type of antenna array used can vary based on the desired coverage area.
As only a single array antenna element operates at any given time, the design of this array differs somewhat from (phased) arrays used in telecommunications or radar. An RTLS array can, for example, be a circular array where the signal’s direction can be in any direction around the array, with the antenna elements exhibiting omnidirectional patterns. Alternatively, the array can consist of unidirectional antenna elements capable of determining the direction within a half-space.
The accuracy of direction estimates improves with the number of antenna elements. However, smaller arrays can offer faster processing times.
The element distance follows the traditional rule in antenna arrays; it must be less than half a wavelength in free space to ensure accurate direction estimates.
As the distance between the array and the tag or beacon increases, antenna efficiency becomes increasingly important. The antenna elements in the array should be efficient to maintain signal quality. Alternatively, a low-noise amplifier (LNA) can be utilized for Angle of Arrival (AoA) applications, while a power amplifier (PA) is recommended for Angle of Departure (AoD) applications (See CHW3021).
CoreHW offers custom design services to integrate our modules into customers’ locators. We consider the specific electrical environments to ensure optimal performance of the arrays.
For best results, the arrays should be thoroughly tested and optimized for the chosen mechanical enclosure and operating environment.
CoreHW can assist you throughout the entire product design process, from initial concept to final implementation.
We also offer industry-leading positioning algorithms for precise location accuracy, compatible with third-party tags, CoreTags, or bespoke tags designed specifically for our customers. Read more.
CHW1010 antenna switches are used to sample signals in AoA applications or transmit signals in AoD applications through an array antenna.
CoreLocator redefines real-time location systems, delivering precise 3D positioning down to 10cm (4in) accuracy.
CoreHW offers a range of CoreTags for precise positioning, achieving position accuracy as precise as +/-10cm (4in).
CoreHW’s RTLS array modules, equipped with the CHW1010 antenna switch, are available in three versions: the eight dual-polarized antenna (CHW1010-ANT1-1.0), sixteen antenna (CHW1010-ANT2-1.0), and four antenna (CHW1010-ANT3-1.0).
The dual-polarized array is compatible with third-party tags, while the 16- and 4-antenna arrays are optimized for use with our CoreTag products, offering industry-leading positioning accuracy.
The 16-antenna version is ideal for achieving higher accuracy and covering longer distances, making it suitable for large spaces like warehouses and sports halls. In contrast, the 4-antenna version is designed for shorter distances, such as those found in hotel corridors or hospital rooms.
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